Z-scores measure how far a closed-end fund's current discount status is from its average premium or discount. Writers will often highlight the probability of a given Z-score, usually to bolster an ...

Z-score is an extremely useful technique not only for screening, but also for stock picking and portfolio structuring. A backtest shows that using a composite Z-score, based on PC, PTBV and PE ratios, ...

In another sign that the economy may be faltering, average credit scores across the country have taken a nosedive in 2025, according to a report released last week. And Gen Z is one demographic that's ...

Edward Altman, who created the Z-score method for predicting bankruptcies 50 years ago, has built on the model to assess creditworthiness of small- and medium-sized enterprises. Together with Gabriele ...