Both Persian and Gurmukhi co-existed in the royal courts of Punjab for centuries until Partition rendered the former useless for the many heirs of the land who had learned and embraced it ...

Extract from a Hindustani textbook used at INALCO, Paris in 1833. Credit: Langues’O 1795-1995 Subscribe for ads-free reading Sitting in my university office in Paris, I was recently visited by a young ...

That the two founding figures of Indian and Pakistani independence were united by a shared love of Urdu speaks eloquently of the language’s rich history. From left, Pandit Jawarharlal Nehru, Vice ...