Interfaces between organic thin films and inorganic substrates are of particular interest because a variety of effects such as phase transitions, nucleation on distinct terraces and facets and ...

Proteins are made of amino acid chains, or polypeptides. Amino acids have a basic backbone made of an amino group and a carboxyl group, and differ in their side-chains. These polypeptide chains of ...

The alkanes are a homologous series with a structure based on a carbon chain - each carbon atom forms four covalent bonds The intermolecular forces vary between molecules, so different organic ...

What is a Surface Force Apparatus (SFA)? The Surface Force Apparatus (SFA) is a highly sensitive scientific instrument used to measure the forces between two surfaces at the nanoscale. It allows ...