Industrial control systems can be categorized in two types: open-loop and closed-loop systems. The open-loop control system is a continuous control system that provides no feedback from its output.

Editor’s Note: This article was submitted in response to the call for ideas issued by the co-chairs of the National Security Commission on Artificial Intelligence, Eric Schmidt and Robert Work. It ...

Does the module's output correspond correctly to its input? Determine that by forcing the PLC output to 10%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 90% and measuring on the output terminals at the corresponding range ...

The I/O buffer information specification, or IBIS, is a simulation system that allows the user to model then simulate signal integrity scenarios before committing the circuit to the printed circuit ...

Your commands, ideas, demands and concepts form the data your system processes and stores. Without user input, a computer simply takes up desktop space and waits for directions, like a lost motorist ...

You can also combine styles of input in a single INPUT statement. For details about the styles of input, see the INPUT statement in SAS Language Reference: Dictionary. List input uses a scanning ...